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Articles and Subject Pronouns

Definite Articles

• Definite articles are used before a noun to mention something specific, exact, clear or obvious.
• They all mean “the” in English.
• Note: “Le/La” change to “L’ ” when the noun starts with a vowel or a silent h.

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Le/L’	Les
Feminine	La/L’	Les

Indefinite Articles

• Indefinite articles are used before a noun to mention something not obvious or clear.
• “Un/une” mean “a” or “an” in English.
• Note: Des does not have an exact translation in English.
• Note: They all change to “de” when the sentence is in the negative if their quantity is none.

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Un	Des
Feminine	Une	Des

Partitive Articles

• Partitive articles are used before a noun to mention something that is not specified especially used with food, drinks or other uncountable nouns.
• They all roughly mean “some” in English.
• It is form by combining “de” with the definite articles.
  • De + le → Du
  • De + la → De la
  • De + les → Des
• Note: They all change to “de” when the sentence is in the negative if their quantity is none.
• Note: “De la” changes to “De l’ ” when the noun starts with a vowel or a silent h regardless of the noun’s gender.

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Du	Des
Feminine	De la	Des

Articles with Prepositions

• Articles with prepositions are articles that have combined with definite articles to create unique forms using:
  • À (at; to)
  • De (from; of)
• For “à”

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Au	Aux
Feminine	À la	Aux
Meaning	At the; To the

• For “de”

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Du	Des
Feminine	De la	Des
Meaning	From the; Of the

Subject Pronouns

Subject Pronouns

• They are the subjects that perform an action in a sentence.

	Person	Subject Pronoun	Meaning
Singular	1st	Je	I
2nd	Tu	You (informal)
3rd	Il/Elle/On	He/She/One
Plural	1st	Nous	We
2nd	Vous	You (formal)
3rd	Ils/Elles	They

• Note: “Ils” is used for a group males or a both males and females and “Elles” is only used for a group of females.